Guardian :: essays papers

Guardian He stood at a crossroads. He turned in one direction, and found his small battalion fleeing from the spot, leaving him to the coming evil. Turning the other way he found a dark horizon, and knew that shortly beyond it lay a myriad amount of soldiers, each one branded with the stink of malice. And he lay at the crossroads. The full moon's glow appeared out of the murk of clouds above, as if to warn of coming danger. The lone warrior trembled in the frosty winter air, and let out a deep breath, then watching the mist disintegrate into the air. Sounds were beginning to flow up from beyond that dark horizon. The evil one and his war force were coming. He turned slowly and mounted his mighty black stallion, still trembling with fear and cold. He reluctantly started it at a slow pace toward the edge of the cliff that marked the path of flight. He stared down at the thing that lay at the bottom of that cliff, marveling in its wonder. A small town lay there. It was a simple town, much like any other, but he was suddenly moved by it. It lay at the bottom of the valley, made up of a few buildings and a few families. The people of the town went about their business each day, most likely in the same manner every time. Each person probably knew every other person, and everyone was everyone's neighbor. They never hurt anything, and they probably never would. And now the evil one lay only a few paces away and the poor, ignorant villagers had no idea. No, they only knew their farms and the growing seasons, and each other. And they hadn't done a thing. No, they were innocents in long a bloody war, and they did not deserve their inevitable fate. The man considered this, and was surprised to find a tear in his eye. He squinted and looked down at the town once more, finding it a work of art. The stars above appeared bright orbs of light, protecting the tiny town of innocents below. The heavens above strived to reach down to that place, to save it from the evil of the earth, to protect the innocent. The orbs reached out to the village, acting as great guardians of the pure. Guardian :: essays papers Guardian He stood at a crossroads. He turned in one direction, and found his small battalion fleeing from the spot, leaving him to the coming evil. Turning the other way he found a dark horizon, and knew that shortly beyond it lay a myriad amount of soldiers, each one branded with the stink of malice. And he lay at the crossroads. The full moon's glow appeared out of the murk of clouds above, as if to warn of coming danger. The lone warrior trembled in the frosty winter air, and let out a deep breath, then watching the mist disintegrate into the air. Sounds were beginning to flow up from beyond that dark horizon. The evil one and his war force were coming. He turned slowly and mounted his mighty black stallion, still trembling with fear and cold. He reluctantly started it at a slow pace toward the edge of the cliff that marked the path of flight. He stared down at the thing that lay at the bottom of that cliff, marveling in its wonder. A small town lay there. It was a simple town, much like any other, but he was suddenly moved by it. It lay at the bottom of the valley, made up of a few buildings and a few families. The people of the town went about their business each day, most likely in the same manner every time. Each person probably knew every other person, and everyone was everyone's neighbor. They never hurt anything, and they probably never would. And now the evil one lay only a few paces away and the poor, ignorant villagers had no idea. No, they only knew their farms and the growing seasons, and each other. And they hadn't done a thing. No, they were innocents in long a bloody war, and they did not deserve their inevitable fate. The man considered this, and was surprised to find a tear in his eye. He squinted and looked down at the town once more, finding it a work of art. The stars above appeared bright orbs of light, protecting the tiny town of innocents below. The heavens above strived to reach down to that place, to save it from the evil of the earth, to protect the innocent. The orbs reached out to the village, acting as great guardians of the pure.

Health Leadership Theory

Leadership Midterm Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Leadership- a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. 2. Trait vs Process Leadership- innate characteristics that individuals are born with vs properties possessed that one is able to develop. 3. Assigned vs Emergent Leadership- based on occupying a position within an organization vs an individual perceived by others as most influential member of a group regardless of individuals title. 4. Power- capacity or potential to influence (beliefs, attitudes, & actions) 5. Bases of Power: . Referent power- follower’s identification and liking for the leader b. Expert- based on followers’ perceptions of the leader’s competence. c. Legitimate- having status or formal job authority. d. Reward- having the capacity to provide rewards to others. e. Coercive- having the capacity to punish others. Real, Expert, Leaders, Reward Compliance (1st two are personal power while the ladder thr ee are positional power) Chapter 2 Trait Approach * One of the first systematic attempts to study leadership. Early theories focused on innate qualities/characteristics. Major Leadership traits***: 1. Intelligence- verbal, perceptual, and reasoning capabilities 2. Self-confidence- certainty about one’s competencies and skills 3. Determination- desire to get the job done 4. Integrity- quality of honesty and trustworthiness. 5. Sociability- Leader’s inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships. Israel’s, security, defense, is, strong * Big Five Personality factors: 1. Neuroticism- tendency to be depressed, anxious, insecure,†¦ (don’t want) 2. Extraversion**- tendency to be sociable and assertive with positive energy. . Openness- informed, creative, insightful, and curious. 4. Agreeableness 5. Conscientiousness- thorough, organized controlled, dependable, and decisive. * Emotional Intelligence- ability to perceive and apply emotions to lifeâ₠¬â„¢s tasks. The premise is that people who are more sensitive to emotions & their impacts will be more effective leaders. Chapter 3 Skills Approach * Leadership skills- ability to use one’s knowledge and competencies to accomplish a set of goals and objectives. * Katz developed the Three-Skill Approach: 1.Technical- having knowledge about and being proficient in a specific type of work or activity. 2. Human skill- having knowledge about and being able to work with people. 3. Conceptual skill- the ability to do the mental work of shaping meaning of organizational policy or issues. Top management has high human and conceptual, but low technical. Middle management has high everything Supervisory management has high technical, high human, and low conceptual. * Chapter 4 Style Approach Style Approach emphasizes the behavior of the leader: 1. Task behaviors 2. Relationship behaviorsStudies: 1. Ohio state studies developed a leadership behavior description questionnaire (LBDQ) and it resulted in leaders with initiating structure and consideration. 2. University of Michigan-results in leaders with two type of behavior: employee oriented and production oriented. Blake & Mouton’s Managerial Leadership Grid focuses on concern for production and people. *Be able to draw this* Note that the first 4 chapters focused on the leader and his abilities. The next few chapters focus on the interaction with subordinates. Chapter 5 Situational ApproachLeaders must match their style to the competence and commitment of subordinates. Leaders need to diagnose the situation and then adapt their style. **** Chapter 6 Contingency Theory Leader Match Theory Fiedler developed the Contingency model High LPCs are effective in moderately favorable conditions while low LPCs are effective in extreme conditionis. Chapter 7 Path-Goal Theory Centers on how leaders motivate subordinates to accomplish designated goals. Leadership generates motivation when it: 1. Increases rewards (payof fs) 2. Increases assistance by leader- clarifies & defines goals 3.Removes obstacles 4. Makes work personally satisfying R,C&D,O,S Chapter 8 Leader-Member Exchange Theory High quality leader member exchanges between leaders and followers produced multiple positive outcomes (less employee turnover, greater commitment, promotions,.. ) Quint Studer Introduction Managers create the best possible plan to deal with the changing external environment. And they do this in a quick fashion. â€Å"We are only as strong as our weakest link. † Chapter 1 Alignment Healthcare organizations must be aligned to provide excellent medical care.The difficulty here is that most organizations don’t have a uniform or seamless organization. It takes significant amounts of time for information/procedures to flow down through the organization from C-Suite leaders to supervisory personnel and this process needs to speed up. Chapter 2 Action How quickly and effectively leaders can drive action dete rmines whether an organization lives or dies. As leaders we must be able to anticipate the outcome of changes in the external environment as they are occurring and respond appropriately. This is prohibited as the majority of leaders do need get prepared for their leadership role.Studer identifies that the training should cascade through an organization with leader taking ownership of training leaders below them. Chapter 3 Accountability Organizations require a system to be in place that holds people accountable for their actions. While top managers might say that their leaders are performing exceptionally when compared with yearly goals this doesn’t line up. The majority of time the managers results doesn’t match up with there reviews because there is a serious disconnect. Studer suggests that leaders take the lead in creating accountable organizations.Set specific goals, properly measure the data, and watch how results vary, act accordingly. Also, be able to change th e system quickly as the environment changes. Chapter 4 Leader Consistency & Best Practices All leaders in the organization need to be consistent with each other and adopt/implement best practices. Leaders often have difficult implementing best practices. Reasons for this include that leaders of one organization might not want their successful strategies being utilized in another company because they will no longer have the edge.. Current Events Hospital PartnershipsHospitals are now forming partnerships in an attempt to decrease expenses and increase quality of care. Understand what the term synergistic means. Ex. 1+ 1=3 Together something may be obtained, but individually this could never happen. Fraying Hospital Safety Nets While safety net hospitals receive less reimbursement for procedures they are still maintaining high quality of compare. This article demonstrated through studies that these less aesthetically pleasing hospitals have similar if not better readmission rates than others. Healthcare Reform Law Creates New Age of ConsumerismIf Obamacare gets implemented the 40 million uninsured individuals in the US will now have access to healthcare. This brings a new age of consumers accessing health services. Since a lot more people are coming into the system many companies are restructuring their services to make them more â€Å"digestible† said Karen ignangi CEO. Medi-cal recipients warned they could lose day healthcare benefit Medical recipients might loose ability to attend adult day healthcare center where they receive nursing care, social services, and meals. To continue receiving benefits these individuals must enroll in managed care programs.Cedars Sinai- UCLA cut from LA city health plan Because of increased cost cefars and ucla DOCTORS have been cut from anthem blue cross network. 60,000 employees are unable to attend these hospitals for future services. Because of research and public perception cost these hospitals are capable of charging higher rates. New system for patients to report medical mistakes â€Å"Currently there is no mechanism for consumers to report information about patient safety events. † Politicians and other officials state that it would be beneficial to implement a system where patients/consumers can give feedback regarding their experiences.This will increase the quality of care over time. Some officials are worried that patients may mischaracterize an outcome as an adverse event because they have a lack of medical knowledge. Patients would report these errors using a website and telephone interviews. What, when, where,.. Allergan drops bid for FDA approval to promote Lap-Band for teens The company sought permission from FDA to promote lap band for kids as young as 14. After a period of time they withdraw the permission and stopped asking for it. The company faces declining revenues and is likely trying to bring them up by getting into a new market of younger kids/adults.Allergan has yet to publish their clinical results which creates doubt in its effectiveness and may be the reason why they withdrew permission. Five people have died as a result of procedures and obesity is still a catastrophic problem in our society. We need to be pushing diet, exercise, and healthy eating habits rather than surgery.. Filipino nurses win language discrimination settlement $975,000 settlement was reached between the hospital and many philipino nurses that worked there and were prevented from speaking their native language. They claimed they were followed and harassed by security and other individuals.They were even threatened by the instillation of security cameras. All the while other individuals were aloud to speak their native languages like Spanish. Administrators don’t want them speaking other languages because it makes patients feel uncomfortable. Patients need to know what’s going on at all times since their health is at stake.. Doctor turns away obese patients Put staff at risk, office isn’t equipped to handle care of over weight patients, equipment costs are high. She is legally allowed to do this but ethically it is unsound. Where did Dr. Rubino go on vacation?St Petersberg, Russia KNOW THE TRENDS IN HEALTHCARE: 1. Cost cutting will be top of mind for CEOs: mergers/partnerships, outsourcing functions to less costly vendors,†¦ 2. IT will also be of importance; incorporating EMR, and health information exchange 3. Expect consolidation, mergers, and zcquisitions 4. Expect higher turnover in C-suite as redirection and early retirements occur. These positions are now more demanding and involve more conflict. KNOW THE CASE STUDIES WE DID IN CLASS (HINT) Study the case studies they will be reworded Introduction is included in Quint StuderWhen you permit you promote Draw the contingency model What would prevent a manger from preventing a best practice? Ego is one answer What word could you use to describe _______? Synergistic relati onships*** Exam question His own article on the amount of money that is being wasted in the medical field. The budget for medical services per year in the US is $2. 2 Trillion of which $750 billion is determined to be wasted. There is groups like administrative waste (working on projects and things that are not necessary), physicians suggesting services not contingent with evidence based medicine, fraud,†¦

Niccolo Ammaniti’s novel ‘I’m not scared’ Essay

Topic two: â€Å"The character and morality of Michele are underestimated by the adults of Aqua Traverse.† Niccolo Ammaniti’s novel ‘I’m not scared’ is based on fear that is within the characters of Aqua Traverse. Fear can cause people to respond in an irresponsible manner and forget about morality. Throughout this novel, the adults of Aqua Traverse did not only lose their humanity but they also underestimated Michele’s character and morality. It caused them to forget the love of their children and each other. This fear was caused by the feeling of poverty and not being able to leave Aqua Traverse. It has been stated many times throughout the novel, for example Teresa had pleaded to Michele: â€Å"When you grow up, you must go and never come back.† This fear forced them to kidnap the 9-year old boy Phillipo. This vague idea of living a better life left the adults emotionally bankrupt. However, this novel proved that morality is not only in wise and old people but within everyone. It is based on the individual’s character, as Michele did encounter fear just like the rest of the adults, but he did not let fear override his morality. Michele had lost trust in everyone surrounding him, including his own true friend Salvatore; this forced him to look within his moral directions. All children must trust their parents in order to be protected from any form of fear that they may interact with. But in this novel, the adults had focused on their own fears and believed Michele would always be too young to understand anything. Michele’s parents are blinded by the crime, that they don’t take any notice of Michele’s maturity level. They don’t realize they are destroying his innocence at such a young age. Michele’s father, Pino is the main cause for the other adults to forget about Michele’s true character and independence. Pino is one of the major characters in the novel. He portrays being the villain and bringing his son in the face of evil, not realizing this is causing him to lose his innocence. At the beginning of the novel, Pino was described as a caring and loving father. He cherished every moment that he spent with the family, as he brought the children gifts and insisted on fetching the water instead of the kids. Later on, his affection was drawn out when he refused to listen to Michele’s excuse as to why he was late and instead told him to ‘get out’. Pino’s evil character was further exposed when he blackmailed Michele into believing that he will be the blame for Phillipo’s death if he visits him again, as he had stated: â€Å"If you go back, these people will kill him and it’ll be your fault.† This left Michele with a heavy amount of weight being put on his shoulders; it also caused him to increase his anxiety. Pino proved his naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve thinking about Michele by purchasing him a new bike in order to buy his silence or gain his peace, in which Michele was not about to hand over whatsoever. He was the main person who underestimated Michele’s main character, which lead him to not shoot Phillipo in the end of the novel, but instead his own son, Michele. It wasn’t only Michele’s father that had underestimated his character, but also his very own mother. Teresa was busy with her own agendas and was overcome by her fear of having to live in Aqua Traverse for the rest of her life and the children’s life. She appears to be strong as described by Ammaniti, but she is weak from within and her strength is dying gradually. She demonstrated her strength when Felice injured Michele; as she attacked him with all her might and then threatened her husband Pino: â€Å"If he touches Michele again I’ll kill him and then I’ll kill you.† It was unexpected to believe that she was involved in the kidnap of a boy that’s the same age as her own son. However, she is very obedient towards her husband which forces her to not rebel against any evil acts. At the end of the novel Teresa becomes very emotional and stressed that she doesn’t take any notice of Michele’s character from within. This novel only proved that a person does not have to be wise and old in order to have true morality. Michele was a good example of this. He motivated himself with his imaginations and brought a heroic character inside of him. Despite the fact the adults never took any notice of him, it only brought him to take higher risks and chances no other child would take, such as disobeying his father’s rules. He understood the adults were too busy with their own criminal minds and that he must take action to help free Phillipo and take him back to his family. Niccolo Ammaniti truly explored this novel throughout a child’s mind in the face of evil.

Hrm 300 Week 1

Human Resource Management Overview Introduction Human resource management (HRM) has evolved into a huge industry in the business arena. The evolution and advancement of technology has created a global platform for HRM. The effect of globalization in many organizations has opened the door for HRM, and it is a crucial component for a successful business strategy and plan. This paper will define HRM, and discuss HRM’s primary function and role in an organization’s strategic plan. What is human resource management? HRM is comprised of the staffing, development, motivation, and maintenance functions. Each of these functions however is affected by external influences† (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007, p. 50). In HRM, staffing involves strategic human resource planning, recruiting and selection. It is important to select the right people for your organization. Recruiting is critical because it can make or break your business. Training and development consists of equipping th e employees with the necessary skills and knowledge. Successful businesses have a vested interest in the employees.Inquiring about employee goals, family, strengths and weaknesses, and using that information to assist him or her in reaching their potential can improve productivity in your organization. For example, my company offers tuition reimbursement. That is an excellent benefit to take advantage of because I value education. I have a personal goal to obtain a MBA. Because my company is paying for my education, it serves as an incentive for me to continue working for the company and strive to move up the corporate ladder.In turn, my company reaps the benefit of the skills and knowledge achieved from the training and development. The maintenance aspect of HRM involves communication and safety and health. This portion of HRM is concerned with the well being of employees, and enhances the nature of the job and personal life of the employees (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). OSHA was implemented under the government to protect the employees in regards to his or her physical safety. The contract on which I work at the U. S.White House consist of several constructions projects that Some people have to wear steal toe boots, safety glasses and ear plugs in order to prevent possible injuries. This is mandated in areas that could be hazardous. What is the primary function of HRM? The primary function of HRM has changed drastically because of Federal and State laws, new requirements with employment practices, and involves hiring the right people. Because of the changing technology the primary function of HRM is recruiting people with higher skill sets.Organizations now need people with higher level degrees and certifications in the computer field. The reason for this mandate is because information systems are becoming more complex and ever changing. New recruits must be trained on new software programs. Employees have to be able to adapt and be critical thinkers in ord er to stay up-to-speed. In addition, employees have to be trained and specialize in various fields. What is the role of the HRM in an organization’s strategic plan? HRM has various roles in an organization’s strategic plan. HRM must therefore balance two primary responsibilities: assisting the organization in it strategic direction and representing and advocating for the organization’s employees† (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007, p. 34). HRM has a vital role in an organization, and â€Å"must be forward thinking† (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007, p. 34). HRM must work with management in order to accomplish the strategic plan. They must be in line with the company’s vision and mission statement in order to assist the organization. Determining ways to cut cost, but still maintain higher productivity is one way to help the business.HRM can also perform inspections throughout the organization to weed out weaknesses in operations or functions, and unprodu ctive employees (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2007). Making a few necessary adjustments by holding weekly meetings can make a big difference in implementing and monitoring the progress of the strategic plan in an organization. My company performs weekly productivity checks to keep the organization strong and fluent. We are required to report to the supervisor each week providing status on our tasks and progress, and share our ideas on how we can improve.Conclusion In conclusion, HRM is a crucial component in today’s business arena. Technology and globalization have broadened the scope of HRM. Information systems and global recruitment efforts increase the complexity of HRM. Throughout this paper, we have defined HRM, discussed its primary function, and determined how it impacts the strategic plans of companies all over the world. Reference DeCenzo, D. , & Robbins, S. (2007). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (9th ed. ) by DeCenzo & Robbins. (9th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Nirvana Art Gallery Essay

Nirvana Art Gallery Nirvana Art Gallery Case study analysis Case study analysis 1. Executive summary- This case study is all about the different situations Mr rod faces at his work place. The urge to take experience he went for part time job along with his ongoing PhD work. The work area of his interest was being a curator while because of less work he was made to work in another department which was not of his interest and he faces lot many problems over there. He even used to stay late to complete the assigned work and the colleagues were also not supportive. The main problem was the lack of interest of Mr. Rod for working in researchs department which was further boosted up by Miss Nelly’s interference who was the research manager. The only solution for his problem is to talk with Miss Nelly and request her to undo the changes made in his work schedule or else he should try to create interest in research department as well as it is the only option he is left with. . Situation Analysis- Introduction- this case emphasises on the disinterest of Mr. Rod to work in research department. But in spite of showing it he decided to work with full efforts. One of the problem was the unfriendly behaviour of the members of this department. The over sympathy of Miss Nelly was also creating discomfort for Mr. Rod accompanied by mocking expressions of his colleagues. The rearrangement of working schedule further enhanced the problems of Mr. Rod which resulted from the refusal of Nelly’s proposal to help her in her work. But still he manages his work and become successful in creating balance between both the works. Objectives- the main objective of Mr. Rod behind working in Nirvana Art Gallery was to take experience of being a curator which will help him in future and also adds to his work experience. But unwillingly he was made to work in research department because of less work in his area of interest. Decision Making- Miss Nelly’s extra concern and sympathy for Mr. Rod became a problem for him. And the rearrangement of his work schedule was also its consequence which enhanced the problems further. Implementation- Mr. Rod has shown a great interest in working with NAG. In both the departments he tried to give his best. But further troubled by rescheduling of his week’s work arrangement. He can overcome this problem by completely engaging himself in the work assigned to him so that he will not feel boredom in working for research department. Or if he feels this new schedule totally inconvenient then he can make Nelly aware of his situation and probably she will help him in the matter concerned and finally he would be able to work more in curatorial. Conclusion- the main problem in the case arise because of the extra concern and sympathy of Miss Nelly towards Mr. Rod. The one thing which he could do was going to Nelly and politely telling her about the situation and the surreptitious looks and frowns of other members of research team which was quite embarrassing.

Views of Marx and J.S.Mills on Accumulation and Crises Essay

Views of Marx and J.S.Mills on Accumulation and Crises - Essay Example Karl Marx In his theory of surplus value, Marx asserts that the working class or the proletariat exchange their labour for wages with the capitalist class or the bourgeoisie. Unlike in slave and feudal societies where goods were produced for consumption, in capitalist economy, commodities are produced for exchange in the market with the value of exchange being money. Since labour is also exchanged for wages, it is also regarded as a commodity and social relations assume mysterious form of relationship between things concealed by a veil of money. The labourers are alienated from the means of production and produce goods for the capitalists which they in turn exchange to get a profit. However, if workers are productive, they produce more than they would have produced in a normal working day but all the profit realised goes to the capitalist as labourers receive only the normal wages. This is what Marx referred as surplus value of labour (Eatwell and Milgate 2011, p. 192). According to Marx, the surplus value in feudal societies is consumed while in capitalist societies, surplus value is reinvested to produce more surplus value. He referred to reinvestment of surplus value as accumulation of capital (Callinicos 2011). However, the motive for accumulation is not greed but a result of social mechanisms which result in competition between many capitals and a capital that does not reinvest itself is pushed out of the market. As observed by Eatwell and Milgate (2011, p. 195) capitalist production involves circuit of capital from money and commodity. The money is used to produce commodity which is then sold for money used to produce more items. However, difficulties may arise when converting commodity to money because money need not be turned immediately to commodity hence sale and purchases are separated. The seller can hoard money if the investment is not yielding enough profits hence breaking the cycle and therefore, the possibility of crisis is inevitable. In the cr isis theory, Marx asserted that the origin of crisis is the systemic elements of capitalism as a mode of production and basic social order (Callinicos, 2011). These factors include: full employment profit squeeze, underconsumption, and tendency of the rate of profit to fall. In feudal societies, a crisis occurs due to underconsumption but in capitalist societies, it is based on the law of tendency of the rate of profit to fall. As xxx observes the tendency of the rate of profit to fall is due to increased labour productivity which makes demands on the constant capital such as machinery or raw materials. As a result, amount of constant capital grows relative to variable capital leading to higher composition of organic capital and consequently low profit. The value of constant capital according to Marx does not depend on original cost of labour time but labour time for reproducing it hence it diminishes as labour productivity grows leading to low profit. In his study, Marx asserts tha t permanent crises does not exist as indicated by Smith and Malthus in their analysis that overproduction leads to permanent reduction in rate of profit. He believes that a crisis is a transitory stage of capital accumulation and therefore short-run effect. In the process of capital accumu

Critically assess Renaissance understandings of humankind Essay - 1

Critically assess Renaissance understandings of humankind - Essay Example The aspects of sharp senses, power of reason, and high level of intelligence, as presented under the Oration On the Dignity of Man also seen as the manifesto to the Renaissance, as the aspects that put mankind in a unique category from the rest of the creatures, owing the fact that these characteristics of mankind serves as the bridge between the lower cadre of life which consists of God’s creatures, and the higher cadre consisting of God and all that is in heaven (Mirandola, 1965 p3). Therefore, the concept of hierarchy existed before the middle Ages, according to Plotinus idea of The One the Demiurge, and the Material World, and thus the middle ages just created a more organized theory. However, the most important of all the factors that completely put mankind in a unique position, is the freedom of judgment that mankind was granted by the creator, so that he could be able to differentiate the good and the bad, and based on this judgment, he could then get an opportunity to ascend upwards, from the middle category where he was created to fit, to join the upper cadre of life (Mirandola, 1965 p5). Therefore, Renaissance of humankind is pitched on the concept of happiness, which is derived from freedom, where mankind was given that; â€Å"Liberty of God the father! O great and wonderful happiness of man! It is given to him to have that which he chooses and to be that which he wills† (Mirandola, 1965 p5). Nevertheless, while the concept of freedom and happiness informs Pico’s philosophy of the Renaissance understandings of humankind, there seems to be some form of contradiction in this philosophy. His philosophy points to the fact that man was created with absolute freedom to choose, so that he could become all that he wished to become and have everything that he chose to have. However, the philosophy is later contradicted by upholding the principle that God spoke to man after creation, and told him