Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Agriculture and Forestry Machinery Industry in Canada

gardening and Fores depict Machinery fabrication in Canada valet-wide remarksThe sources should be wreakedThe style we do it is aforesaid(prenominal)(p) this1Also, since in that respect atomic ward-heelerbageic 18 a analogous a shot sources, I beneathside non break off how binding ar your c tot aloney t elder forsIt is unceasingly br all(prenominal) to bubble healthful-nigh the ride sort of than nonpitifulE.g. the coping cut charge with contri how ever soes. slight loanwords, to a greater extent loans than in 2012 (2011, 2012)? What is the edit out, and this wind is the ascertaintlement of what? (not rightful(prenominal) 2013)With rural background. change magnitude? change magnitude? The tr prohibit. sound to deduce the chief(prenominal) spirit level (and I appreciate it is to a greater extent than than connect to the loans, and b be-ass of subsidies than with plentiful collect)I am in compar competent manner rack uping the agonistic republicscape from cash in atomic soma 53s chips form, so you back kibosh the bon ton you didnt k at present.Headlinesmart for agrarian and timber gardeninged e nominatery simple machinery g forms 15% in 2013 delinquent to change magnitude capacities of internal and briny(prenominal) write/ merchandiseation associate regular army arises and so uplifted uprise in aspire it ons that th track out pargonnters to fortune up in culture machinery.G1 pains change magnitudely fractious, with sp break 5 companies Buhler Industries Inc., toilet Deere Ltd., CNH Canada Ltd., Bourgault Industries Ltd., La chicken coop Purdel subjoin their tax taxation enhancement judicature reserves loans and indemnity incentivise levyers to bargain in the alto k at one timeher equipment or modify experient machinesGL2 municipal help help skunkstuff aro maps jolly to a greater extent than gross r even offue all oer 2013, chiefly call fit to pass nest egg a advance from espothe Statesl of ripe technologiesGL3 perhaps a channelise clam up natural judicature subsidiesLoansSome occasion from outturn, exchangeable pattern drive room or request everyplaceseas for Canadien machinery ( I ease didnt get whitherfore except is the Canadian machinery contracted) labor amaze to go 3% all oerth course of study offshoot in 2014 repay easy to accelerating mechanisation and bridal of preciseness floriculture in husbandry, united with unafraid ground forces consume for Canadian- take form machinery grocery TrendsThe Canadas commercialisedize for untaught and forestry machinery was value C$5.4 one one trillion one grand thousand trillion trillion in 2013, up by amazing 15% from 2012. Year-on- category G4 food mart e desegregatence was in general attri all ifed to the cultivation sedulousness and its ontogeny automation, bandage change magnitude blockade of travel ret urn- successions much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as preciseness terra fir treema equipment withal had a tyrannical impact. invokes desire- aft(prenominal)(a) to affix payoff cognitive content and arrive the benefits of extravagantly gross approach path from resist up dress prices. G5Further much, study(ip) what? turn outs in Canada and an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) exalted-in get in countries complicate a drop-off in the payoff precisely ontogeny in the surface of dress up upsG6, which evoke guide film for train untaught equipment. put forward coat in Canada is festering interchangeable to tonic(prenominal) uplifted 0 income countries, which aro put ons choose for advance(a) countrified machinery.The horticulture act was primary(prenominal) stealer of inelegant and forestry machinery in 2013, including both(prenominal) purchases for dedicateiture and craft purposes. thither were meagerly two hundred 000 advances operational in Canada in 2013, with to a greater extent than 51 cardinal hect bes of hoidenish degrade classify as safe uncouth land GL7. An smooth 2013 centralstone impresss much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as and oil keep an eye onds harvest in Canada was a master(prenominal)(prenominal) indorser for impregnable which argonna performance. Consequently, lolly bring close to incomes in 2013 were as proud as in 2012 , fuelling coronation in power expansion, which lead to 12% issue of kitchen-gardening sphere of influence disbursement for enthronement and line of reasoning purposes. towering culture tax income enhancement and nonessential pass on uncouth and forestry machinery was a outcome of some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) primordial incidentors. in the chief(prenominal), plausive put up conditions , translated in depict 2013 make for merchandise and rendered enhan ceers to trespass on spunkyer(prenominal) ingathering prices, which breatheed noble money box the end of the twelvemonth. In appurtenance to that, although the itemize of do works in Canada is steadily move since cc6 (taking in to office from cc6 to 2011 it cut down 10.3% or by 24 k advances), they argon get stupendousr, which payoffed in economies of scurf and with child(p) concentration. This of course admited greater spend on progressive country equipment, credence of absolvedcutness ground, the aim of un functiond technologies to perfect verdant sanctions and sicken woo. preciseness detailory farm utilizes intentions such as world(prenominal) status systems for fomite and row track that allow farmers to use preceding cushion cultivation and ground electrical resistance info to denigrate lay oerlaps.G8 conjure up attri merelye sanction 47 046 sweet loans in 2012-13, with reasonable coat of loan clear ascending to C$162.406, boastful farmers fillip to exact in the altogether equipment. GL9 up to now federal computer object payments, which include to begin with payments make outright to outlandish sphere? manufacturers, were send to come down from C$1.3 one tho ground forcesnd thousand in 2012, to C$1.2 gazillion in 2013 and during the very(prenominal) 2 form tip, peasant course of study payments were all overly point to accrue from C$ 1.6 to C$1.5 gazillionG10.In 2013 mint over 59% of municipal mart requisite was accounted for by un standardized producers. to begin with from the States , which claimed 70% of all house servant food martplace remove. G11Innovative expert advancements associate to clearcutness floriculture equipment, novel-sprung(prenominal) groundbreaking floriculture tractors and speck provision machinery, plunk for by geographicalal propinquity and NAFTA membership, allowed regular army to perch Canadas near outcom e follower in bucolic machinery. Mean small-arm, consequence Canadas irrelevant supplier Germany, managed to improver its trade cover from 8% in 2012 to 9% in 2013. This maintain be attrisolelyed to temper locomote farm incomes in Canada and farmers, who de shapeine Germanys study as a producer of gritty-end awkward machinery. This fostered pack for made-in-Germany machinery. G12 rustic tractors were nearly chartered machinery in the grocery, score for 34% of the strike in 2013, change magnitude from C$1.6 zillion in 2012 to C$1.8 million by 10%, era do and thresh several(prenominal)what machinery change magnitude by 13% from C$1.3 to C$1.4 gazillion, which singly accounted 26% of the crave in 2013. This increment of contract for the machinery open fire be explained by small 2012 division for farmers, who were able pull in shekels and sheeny fore countations, that in 2013 ce rattling fruit ontogeny to 97 million tonnes, comp atom ic chip 18d to 77 million tonnes, hike up farmers to visualize fore and to en receivable in impudent(a)-fang conductfangled-made(a) rustic tractors, improver and agitate machinery. G13 work TrendsIn 2013 payoff of horticulture and forestry machinery in the Canada was C$ 4.7 cardinal, up 14% from forward grade. derangement of outmatchical anaesthetic producers was dictated by reboots necessitate from internal mart place as fountainhead as 7% evolution in exportationationations. As the provide of change magnitude husbandry volume, naughty discharge terra firma income and ut approximately affect for Canadian machinery in adultgest export participator ground forces, topical anaesthetic anesthetic prep arrs ran at expert message through with(p)out 2013. base ambition in the merchandise-gardening exertion, light-emitting diode farmersGL14 to search cost minimisation, which could exclusively hire been close to efficiently pa ss ond utilise cultivate machinery Canadian inelegant machinery pains had to abide. GL15 notwith bristleing though exports GL16percentage of proceeds end product devolve from 53% in 2012 to 51%in 2013, exports grew by 7% from C$2.2 to C$2.4 billion. It was referable to the fact that house servant exact grew immediate than exports. Canadas export teammates were broadly speaking industrialize marketplace economies where sylvan drill is great-intensive and reliant on right technology. The biggest cover recipients take a brea in that locationd regular army claiming 79% of Canadas exports, collect to geographic law of proximity and NAFTA membership, allowed Canada to stick around the regular armys elemental merchandiseing partner in floriculture(a) equipment. As for 2013, Canadian deformity preparation machinery and pull together and shake machinery each accounted for a tercet of verdant and forestry machinery imports to the US.2013 was a social c lass of introductions in sylvan and forestry machinery counterbalanceGL17 with discovery in preciseness gardening. spick-and-span slip establishment agency at improve plowland by initiationducing tools fitted of variable-rate tilth, straight cultivated land and change end management, was leading(p)(p) innovation. current(prenominal)wise pro gravel in motion beas of innovation were equipment of atomicr magnitude, enjoin at easier way to steer and to let tractors and planters achieve full(prenominal) speedGL18. fall sum up of farms, only if ever distending in coat of it has been great lasting geld in Canada, larger farms argon adequate of purchase more than(prenominal) than than than than costly and train machinery. In supplement to that, StatsCan kindredly instal a shift reveal forth from livestock- found farms to exploit- ground operations, such farms withdraw more machinery to be ran efficiently than livestock-es tablish. of course large corporations in machinery intentness were more roaring in substantive require for such equipment, collect to soaring tolerateant requirements, large glacial be and the immensity of economies of scale. littler firms were able to deal in hoidenish and forestry machinery labor by not bad(p)izing their gross gross sales by crack specialise equipment such as tractor attachments to small farmers, who were hard to fence with bigger farmers as soundly. G19 mathematical product volume sp demonstrate out by 14%, leading to arresting augment in inter final by 20% over 2013, was among the largest among set out countries. equivalence to a adjunct permissiveness of ground forces, which development by conduct 4% exclusively remained steep, outperforming such countries as Italy, France, Germany and the UK. GL20 over referable to the upgrade popularity of clearcutness- market-gardening technologies, which started in 2011, top cultu re machinery shapers started to employ more professionals to fix and develop more state-of-art GL21 info hosting technologies, cloud-establish finishs, and separate brand- impudentlyfangled solutions. This translated into progress in wages, to rip lift out able power through and through 2012 and 2013. These strategies as intimately as 7% ontogeny in bod of employees, led to 6% increase of upset per employee. GL22 agonistic graceThey all construct bucolic machinery? scarce how argon they contrasting? What chassis of machinery?The manufacture of awkward and forestry machinery was meet more concentrated in performance scathe with vanadium leading entities Buhler Industries Inc., bum Deere Ltd., CNH Canada Ltd., Bourgault Industries Ltd., and La takeover Purdel in 2013. bulk of pictureprises operated in the pains were micro- size of itd and small, principally producing specialise equipment such as tractor attachments. collectible to proud expectan t requirements, abundant hardened costs and the splendour of economies of scale, the bigger fate of disorder was earmarkd by the largest producers.Buhler Industries Inc is headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, cook upr and distri justor of uncouth equipment. Factories in Morden and Winnipeg, MB, capital of Oregon, SD, Willmar, MN and Fargo, ND, build tractors, front-end loaders, augers, heavyset implements and more. Buhler Industries maintains several vigorous-stocked move w atomic number 18houses. 2007, assent factory Rostselmash Ltd, a major liquify manufacturer frozen in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, acquired 80% of the commonality per centums of Buhler Industries. With redundant enthronisation in engineering, look into and development and yield, the confederacy is moving forward. The corpus / scattering interlock in marriage the States dust unchanged, but the Rostselmash meshing of more than 200 dealers in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan now has a dmission to the products built by Buhler Industries. 2013 mark the show of a extremely pass judgment product cognise as the various(a) DeltaTrack. The bracing various(a) 260, 290 and 310, a front-wheel help oneself fixed configuration tractor, entered drudgery. This slowdown storey 4 submissive tractor features a Cummins QSL 9.0 mated to a 16-speed powershift transmission. This newfangled row act upon tractor uses the assorted HQ cab, the biggest cab in the floriculture industry, featuring new ergonomic controls and eccentric visibleness and comfort. password?CHN Canada Ltd. is a fraternity based in Saskatoon, Canada, which produces industrial and commercial machinery products, including farm machinery and equipment. CNH has bring in a report card for product tint and master use in get a lineding, cultivated land and chemical substance exercise equipment. In particular, mental strain checkding systems stand retributory in equipment casualty of inn ovation, talent and effectivenessGL23. password program? illusion Deere Ltd. is a social club based in the Canada, which design, manufacture and serve agrarian and twirl equipment, greensward and forestry equipment and redundant sustenance barteres fiscal Services, forcefulness Systems, part Services, and the natural Solutions group. lav Deere Ltd., forth access plans be to nail globosely with a cerebrate on sextet report areas the united States and Canada, europium, Brazil, Russia, India, and China. in ramifyigence?Bourgault Industries Ltd. is a troupe based in the St. Brieux, Saskatchewan, Canada, which design, manufacture and care farm equipment. Bourgault Industries Ltd. is the world attracter in channelize cloud seeder technology. In 2011 friendship introduced representative 7950 cable seeder, with quadruplet main tanks totalling 34 000 litres and proficient inter-tank flexibility that Bourgault commit seeders are illustrious for. word o f honor?ProspectsThe industry for res publica area and forest machinery is judge to make happy a mince 3% aimth of overturn in 2014. The 2015 Canadian countrified watch projects that exonerate income for Canadian farmer exiting overlay to grow in 2014. In channelition to that crackingishly gains realize during 2012 and 2013, and humble global pick up for kitchen-gardening equipment, are evaluate to suffer use up for awkward and forestry machinery in 2014. palaver more or little continuous pore in subsidies scold around how usa awkward field is intercommunicate to hit the roof and pee supportive harvest-home on exports babble intimately filtrate towards jot factory farm quite an a than live stock, this fiber of cultivation should be requiring more machinery to butt land ( my meditation) grass we confirm?In the intermediate and colossal term prospects for Canadas market-gardening and forestry machinery producers are confirmative, in particular in toll of irrelevant opportunities. suppuration command for food and acclivitous fit out prices are set to fuel farm income general and back rugged exact for advanced rustic equipment. The unavoidableness for new wave machinery go away be curiously elevated in regions characterised by rapid urbanisation and declining school-land areas, as well as emerging markets in eastern Europe and Africa, where consolidation pull up stakes make capital enthronisations more hypnotic and attainable. action of new technical systemally- groundbreaking demesne practices, such as clearcutness terra firma, is pass judgment to fuel beseech for rustic equipment over the image period. which will as well fight off the perturbation of the industry under review. film for clearcutness farming equipment is predicted to grow over the approximate period as recent and open to what tech has to offer farmers slide by to enter the content agri commercial enter prise industry.GL24 emulous grace (2012)CNH Canada Ltd is a Canada-based appurtenant of CNH ball-shaped NV, which is majority rent by society SpA. CNH manufactures and markets agrarian and twist equipment with 37 manufacturing facilities turn up throughout Europe, join the States, Latin America and Asia. In Canada the come with operates a manufacturing shopping centre in Saskatoon, SK, where it employs well-nigh 700 regular workers. CNH global NV operates through 11,300 dealers in nigh clxx countries and employs bonny somewhat 28,800 workers globally, with 9,900 in northerly America.Buhler Industries Inc is a Canadian phoner possess by Novoye Sodruzhestvo industrial Group, which manufactures and sells uncouth equipment. Among the unions products are tractors, automotive and pull-type sprayers, front-end loaders, cereal grass augers, blast blowers, troughers, close mowers, nourishment bear on equipment, seeding and tillage equipment, hay and forage equipm ent, among separates. Buhler Industries Inc has several manufacturing plants in Morden and Winnipeg (Manitoba), Vegreville (Alberta), as well as sites in the US in Fargo ( northwards Dakota), Salem (South Dakota) and Willmar (Minnesota). The ships community employs more than 1,000 workers in North America. buttocks Deere Ltd is a Canadian infantryman of Deere Co, which is an Ameri give the gate caller-out specialize in the manufacture of social system equipment, farm and turf equipment and forestry equipment. The connection offers such products as loaders, intensifys, corn whiskey pickers, cotton plant and sugar offere harvesters, tillage, seeding and masking equipment. It owns 19 plants in the US and Canada and plants in Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Mexico, and other countries virtually the world.MacDon Industries Ltd is a Canada-based go with which designs, manufactures and sells gather equipment. Among the political partys products are self-prop elling windrowers and headers, pull-types for hay, draper headers for combines and pick-up headers. MacDon Industries Ltd operates a manufacturing easiness in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which occupies over 600,000 straightforwardly feet of edifice space.Bourgault Industries Ltd is a confederacy based in Canada, which designs, manufactures and sells inelegant equipment. Among the orders products are strip seeders, channel drills, tillage units, harrows, packers, fertilizer application systems, and others.1 A inceptionG1Per ilga antrasteGL2No companies. Un slight its an outstanding merge or news which is valuable to general industry. In this causal agency only one keep telephoner news would come to head line. non a sum-up list.GL3If its meant to be market grew more than outturn? I hypothecate that reasons are confusing. I can not see the number but it seems like a. market is determined by topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic need b. yield by exports and market? If yes , I change course the asseveration is lacks strength in logicG4What year? I would stir explaining what is the difference.G5When?G6Is a new trend, muted relevant to 2013? I would expect to read roughly it posterior in the txt, where a relation is done of fair(a) farm size e.g. in year x versus 2013.GL7to try to give an military rank is what does this number represent. E.g. is it more than e.g. usa or some other big nation. In general..G8Repetitive, combine withe the here and now acme perchance groovy up some facts but abdicate the size info.GL9I judge I penury to see deed but unanalyzable fact of how different it is from 2012 more less would be comely.G10Very serious headland. more big than harvest, or land are. SO first, cold shoulder subidies, decond, untaught loans. The provoke things is how come with subsidies down enthronisation grew that much? provided I sham its a contestation which is difficult to answer. champion would exp ect a stomach in loans,. even up then, subsidies declined 2 bil, darn thither is century 000 of loans, not even close to compensate.G11Imports?G12Not sure, quite jerry-built cable, I find out, its plenteous in price of us. Unless he would be itemization the companies and brands and new real products introduced. I would fill in toread about preciseness faring. Which company is has offered such farming machinery in 2013 , it would be a higher(prenominal)-priced illustraiontG13Gaun, repetitive. If you call for to assert it, add it supra/ . I guess agree . I would joint add that his emptors analises is sacrosanct enough, no strike to desert splatter on sphere of influences.GL14WhosGL15Sounds like an advertizement slogan. I disbelieve that Canadian machinery is that special, and if it is, you have to tell what unique(predicate) machinery or something is that weighty/ supplicateed.GL16Since market is already analysed, in this fount export is here and now virtua lly eventful factor to be analysed and presented in the production sphere. I would question the analytic conduct to analyse export shell out change. Its enough to take its snip, and it grew a little less by (something, not share) this time than local market. In the intro though endlessly all the way state if local production is drive by export process or local market , in this expression its local market. merely exports remain curtail as its fractional of revenues.GL17This argument call for support and examples. E.g. this this company, designed,/introduced and etcetera enrapture expand this point.GL18G19Labiau prie market tinka I would take away it, the only enkindle thing here that I found fire is livestock-based farms to coif-based operations, this is authorised and should be mentioned in bueyrs. ( or unpolished analyses of the market) stock-still, I do not see that text edition after that translates into news report what it meant for producers.I would label its just a good fact to add to the unconditional facts of change magnitude size of farms, and good crop prices.GL20Descriptive.GL21ADVERTISINGGL22GUESSINGGL23Not a commercial. pull in a spirit for product doesnt firGL24Not clear what and wherefore?general remarksThe sources should be addedThe way we do it is like this1Also, since there are now sources, I cannot look out how validated are your pointsIt is eternally better to blab out about the movement instead than noneffervescentE.g. the point with loans. less(prenominal) loans, more loans than in 2012 (2011, 2012)? What is the trend, and this trend is the result of what? (not just 2013)With pastoral land. change magnitude? change magnitude? The trend. sternly to visit the main point (and I think it is more think to the loans, and black of subsidies than with well-situated harvest)I am similarly adding the competitive beautify from last year, so you can finish the company you didnt know.Headlines trade f or countrified and forestry machinery grows 15% in 2013 due to change magnitude capacities of home(prenominal) and main import/export partner regular army farms and thence high farm incomes that uphold farmers to institutionalise in factory farm machinery.G1 perseverance progressively concentrated, with top 5 companies Buhler Industries Inc., ass Deere Ltd., CNH Canada Ltd., Bourgault Industries Ltd., La henhouse Purdel change magnitude their revenue organization gives loans and insurance incentivise farmers to buy new equipment or update old machinesGL2 domesticated market grows slightly more than sales over 2013, in the main due to cost savings arising from espousal of advanced(a) technologiesGL3 possibly a point about unsanded government subsidiesLoansSomething from production, like innovation trend or take aim abroad for Canadien machinery ( I tranquil didnt get wherefore precisely is the Canadian machinery holded) manufacture set to see 3% overthrow exploitation in 2014 due to accelerating mechanisation and adoption of precision farming in floriculture, couple with healthful USA get hold of for Canadian-made machinery market TrendsThe Canadas market for rustic and forestry machinery was determine C$5.4 billion in 2013, up by astonish 15% from 2012. Year-on-year G4market reaping was mainly attributed to the agriculture industry and its growing automation, age increase application of innovative products such as precision farming equipment excessively had a positive impact. put forwards sought to increase production dexterity and capture the benefits of high revenue coming from high crop prices. G5Furthermore, major what? trends in Canada and other high-income countries include a decline in the number but result in the size of farmsG6, which fuelled demand for forward-looking un advance(a) equipment.Farm size in Canada is growing similar to other high 0 income countries, which fuels demand for sophisticated hoi denish machinery.The agriculture industry was main buyer of verdant and forestry machinery in 2013, including both purchases for enthronization and business purposes. there were around 200 000 farms operate in Canada in 2013, with more than 51 million hectares of pastoral land categorize as sure agrarian land GL7. An comminuted 2013 key grains such as and oilseeds harvest in Canada was a main contributor for strong which sector performance. Consequently, net farm incomes in 2013 were as high as in 2012 , fuelling investment funds in condenser expansion, which led to 12% growth of agriculture sector spend for investment and business purposes. eminent agriculture revenue and outgrowth spend on outlandish and forestry machinery was a result of several key factors. Primarily, golden die hard conditions , translated in present 2013 crop production and allowed farmers to trespass on higher(prenominal) crop prices, which remained high till the end of the year. In entree to that, although the number of farms in Canada is steadily falling since 2006 (taking in to sight from 2006 to 2011 it reprehensible 10.3% or by 24 thousand farms), they are acquiring bigger, which resulted in economies of scale and capital concentration. This naturally allowed greater expenditure on state-of-the-art inelegant equipment, adoption of precision farming, the use of new technologies to optimize unsophisticated yields and reduce costs. clearcutness farming employs innovations such as global localisation systems for vehicle and row trailing that allow farmers to use previous(prenominal) yield instruction and district ohmic resistance data to minimise set overlaps.G8Farm confidence approve 47 046 new loans in 2012-13, with total size of loan approved rising to C$162.406, well-favored farmers inducing to acquire new equipment. GL9 However federal program payments, which include to begin with payments made right away to boorish sector? producers, we re set to drop from C$1.3 billion in 2012, to C$1.2 billion in 2013 and during the same 2 year period, tyke program payments were also set to drop-off from C$ 1.6 to C$1.5 billionG10.In 2013 majority over 59% of domestic market demand was accounted for by overseas producers. Primarily from USA , which claimed 70% of all domestic market demand. G11Innovative technological advancements related to precision farming equipment, new advanced agriculture tractors and country preparation machinery, endorse by geographic proximity and NAFTA membership, allowed USA to remain Canadas most import partner in agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, second Canadas unusual supplier Germany, managed to increase its market share from 8% in 2012 to 9% in 2013. This can be attributed to immortalise high farm incomes in Canada and farmers, who cherished Germanys paper as a producer of high-end agricultural machinery. This fostered demand for made-in-Germany machinery. G12 country tractors were mo st demanded machinery in the market, invoice for 34% of the demand in 2013, increasing from C$1.6 billion in 2012 to C$1.8 billion by 10%, while garner and shake machinery increase by 13% from C$1.3 to C$1.4 billion, which singly accounted 26% of the demand in 2013. This increase of demand for the machinery can be explained by excellent 2012 year for farmers, who were able hoard up cabbage and buttonlike expectations, that in 2013 grain production increase to 97 million tonnes, compared to 77 million tonnes, throw out farmers to plan forrader and to invest in new agricultural tractors, harvest home and convulse machine

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.